ABSTRACT
The objective of this work was to evaluate the response of acerola seedlings to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) with different levels of phosphorus (P) additions. The experiment was carried out in greenhouse conditions, in a randomized factorial design with four treatments of AMF (control without AMF inoculation; Gigaspora margarita; Glomus manihotis; and Glomus clarum) and four phosphorus treatments (0, 30, 90, 270 mg kg-1 soil) in four replicates. The acerola plants were harvested after 120 days of the experiment. There were significant effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation on the plant growth and nutrient contents in the plant shoots, mainly under lower P soil levels. Mycorrhizal plants presented a decrease of 55 percent of manganese content in the shoot.
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different soil tillage systems and groundcover crops intercropped with orange trees on soil enzyme activities. The experiment was performed in an Ultisol soil in northwestern Paraná State. Two soil tillage systems were evaluated [conventional tillage (CT) across the entire area and strip tillage (ST) with a 2-m strip width] in combination with various groundcover vegetation management systems. Soil samples were collected after five years of experimental management at a depth of 0-15 cm under the tree canopy and in the inter-row space in the following treatments: (1) CT-Calopogonium mucunoides; (2) CT-Arachis pintoi; (3) CT-Bahiagrass; (4) CT-Brachiaria humidicola; and (5) ST-B. humidicola. The soil tillage systems and groundcover crops influenced the soil enzyme activities both under the tree canopy and in the inter-row space. The cultivation of B. humidicola provided higher amylase, arylsulfatase, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase than other groundcover species. Strip tillage increased enzyme activities compared to the conventional tillage system.
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted for ten years in a sandy soil in the north part of the Paraná State, Brazil. The soil samples were collected at 0-10 cm depth, both under the coffee canopy and in the inter row space between the coffee plants, in the following treatments: Control, Leucaena leucocephala, Crotalaria spectabilis, Crotalaria breviflora, Mucuna pruriens, Mucuna deeringiana, Arachis hypogaea and Vigna unguiculata. The legume crops influenced the microbial activity, both under the coffee canopy and in the inter row space. The cultivation of Leucaena leucocephala increased the microbial biomass C, N and P. Although L. leucocephala and Arachis hypogaea provided higher microbial biomass, the qCO2 decreased by up to 50 percent under the coffee canopy and by about 25 percent in the inter row space. The soil microbial biomass was enriched in N and P due to green manure residue addition.
ABSTRACT
O objetivo neste trabalho foi de avaliar o efeito da inoculação de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares no crescimento de mudas de peroba rosa (Aspidosperma polyneuron). O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento experimental, inteiramente casualizado, em casa de vegetação com seis repetições. Utilizou-se mistura de solo e areia (3:1), desinfestado como substrato, com os seguintes tratamentos de inoculação: Gigaspora margarita, Glomus clarum, Scutellospora heterogama, Acaulospora scrobiculata e uma mistura de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA). Após 120 dias, observou-se que a colonização micorrízica radicular foi de 28,3 por cento a 48,4 por cento para a mistura de FMA e para G. margarita, respectivamente. As plantas inoculadas com G. margarita e G. clarum apresentaram maior crescimento, indicando o potencial da inoculação desses fungos na produção de mudas.
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation on Aspidosperma polyneuron seedlings growth. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions in a randomized design using a disinfected mixture of soil + sand (3:1) with the following treatments: Gigaspora margarita, Glomus clarum, Scutellospora heterogama, Acaulospora scrobiculata, a mixture of arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AMF) and a non-inoculated control with six replicates. After 120 days of seed germination, it was observed that root colonization was from 28.3 percent to 48.4 percent for mixture of AMF and G. margarita, respectively. The plants inoculated with G. margarita or G. clarum showed higher growth than other treatments, which evidence the potential of AMF inoculation in seedlings production.
ABSTRACT
Práticas agrícolas que reduzam a degradação do solo e promovam sustentabilidade são importantes para os agrossistemas tropicais/subtropicais. O plantio direto (PD) diminui as perdas de solo e, se combinado com rotação de culturas pode proteger o solo da degradação físico-química provocada pela agricultura intensiva. A atividade enzimática do solo pode fornecer importantes informações de como o manejo do solo está afetando a decomposição da material orgânica e a ciclagem dos nutrientes. Assim, avaliou-se a atividade das enzimas amilase, celulose, arilsulfatase, fosfatase ácida e fosfatase alcalina em um experimento a campo, instalado em 1976 em Londrina, PR, que tem como tratamentos o preparo do solo (plantio direto ou convencional) nas parcelas e a rotação de culturas (soja/trigo, milho/trigo e algodão/trigo) nas subparcelas. Amostras de solos foram coletadas a 0-5, 5-10 e 10-20 cm de profundidade em 1997 e 1998. Na profundidade de 0-5 cm sob PD, observaram-se aumentos de 68 per center na atividade da amilase, 90 per center na celulase, 219 per center na arilsulfatase, 46 per center na fosfatase ácida e 61 per center na fosfatase alcalina. Observaram-se correlações significativas entre a atividade enzimática e o C-orgânico total do solo e o C e N da biomassa microbiana. Esses resultados evidenciam que a atividade enzimática do solo é um indicador sensível de alterações na qualidade do solo, promovidas pelo manejo.